Project Risk and Procurement Management Sustainable Supply Chain

Question: Exhibit a comprehension of the significance of obtainment for worldwide associations working in complex market conditions Find, orchestrate and fundamentally assess later/current data from a wide scope of distributed writing in the territory of Project Risk and Procurement Management. Answer: Presentation Supportable acquisition guarantees a smooth progression of items in an organizations domain. The most critical instrument for reasonable obtainment is compelling danger the executives. As indicated by Amann et al., (2014, p. 360) the best possible comprehension of securing dangers encompassing an undertaking helps acquirement officials in settling on powerful choices with regards to doling out agreements, picking providers, and planning the offering procedures. Research directed by Dong and Burritt, (2010, p. 110) states that Australian Worldwide Exploration oil and gas organization exists in an exceptionally serious worldwide business condition. The organization works in Yemen, New Zealand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Argentina, and Australia and anticipates assessing extension chances to other universal markets. The significant contenders of Australian Worldwide Exploration organization are Arrow Energy, Beach Petroleum, Chevron Australia among numerous others both local and global. Accord ing to Bome et al., (2014, p. 32), the way that the oil and gas businesses work in an undeniably perplexing condition, vulnerability encompasses their tasks achievement, and this requires the foundation of incredible methodologies for hazard and acquisition the executives. This scholarly report will show the significance of hazard and acquisition the board in helping the Australia Worldwide Exploration Limited to increase an upper hand over its nearest equals and dissect the procedures that will enable the organization to moderate both the current and encompassing dangers to improve reasonable obtainment. Task Risks and Management in Australia Worldwide Exploration Limited Bryde et al., (2013, p. 975) contends that the acquirement exercises for the organization center around the balance among seriousness and hazard moderation techniques and this set up the requirement for supportable acquisition. In any case, in view of the ongoing events in oil and gas segment, the business is inclined and helpless against different dangers whose impacts on clients, providers, and the task drivers are serious and along these lines should be controlled. Australia Worldwide Exploration Limited administration has an all around characterized chance ground breaking strategy for designating the correct assets to the obtainment office. To increase an upper hand against Chevron Australia and Beach Petroleum, Australia Worldwide Exploration Ltd receives the utilization of successful hazard the board principles that join universal obtainment gauges. Burke, (2013, p. 5) contends that given the oil and gas tasks envelop difficulties in the present complex market condition, understanding what methodologies apply to the administration of dangers to guarantee a maintainable obtainment procedure ought to get recognized, surveyed, and positioned on the seriousness of venture dangers. As of late, the worldwide oil and gas cost has dropped contrasted with costs in mid 2014, and this has unfavorably influenced Australia Worldwide Company task and acquirement forms. The organization guarantees vitality security in a practical and beneficial way directly from the venture origination. The administration of Australia Worldwide leads the procurement official in investigating different choices of guaranteeing access to reasonable vitality, and these methodologies utilized include: supporting vitality expenses to stay as low as could be expected under the circumstances, empowering self-flexibly, enhancing vitality wasteful tasks and synergistic securing of vitality organizations. Hahn and Henirich, (2012, p. 136) further contends that the obtainment office should secure inventive innovation organizations whose activities expand the organizations tasks to Africa, Asia, and other worldwide markets. Likewise, through the guidance of obtainment, the organization puts its capital in the securing of creation plant and gear that are without toxin and ready to improve natural protection. In the present oil and gas business condition, chance administration assumes a huge job in the flexibly chain the executives for this prompts manageable acquirement Headley and Griffith, (2014. P 410). For Australia Worldwide, the acquirement experts are commanded by the top administrators to recognize dangers encompassing a venture before it gets embraced, utilizing the correct methodologies. With an away from of the wellsprings of task hazards, the venture supervisors abstain from undertaking unsafe activities which don't profit the organization. Yusuf et al., (2014, p. 536) contends that with regards to the picking of providers, examination of the offers put by merchants and the granting of agreements through the help of obtainment work force, agreements ought to get granted to dependable providers. In view of the past encounters and task disappointments, various worldwide oil and gas organizations consistently check out venture hazard the executives. In the year 2014, Australia Worldwide Exploration Ltd endured venture disappointments in the securing of assembling hardware whereby the apparatus got gained at a significant expense, it separated and promptly the oil and gas costs flattened. In any case, Anantatmula and Thomas, (2010, p. 66) states that with viable task hazard and obtainment the board embraced consequently, the organization has fastidiously determined activities for better hazard the board models that have caused it to create magnificent venture the board devices. With these cures, Australia Worldwide Exploration Ltd has as of now kept on finding a more noteworthy stage in the worldwide market condition over all the world's landmasses, and this makes it to solidly situate itself in the market by getting a charge out of an upper hand. To additionally help the organization in increasing an upper hand, the acquisition the board embraces the utilization of four hazard the executives methodologies which include: Hazard evasion: Since the primary peril that the organization gets presented to is a poor task of agreements and uncertainty of staff dealing with the acquired hardware, the organization sorts out preparing occasions for the obtainment officials on the most proficient method to think of hazard the executives methodologies that the undertaking stays uncovered. All the positive open doors get abused. Hazard acknowledgment: Under the gracefully chances, the organization encounters transportation dangers for the loss of obtained gear. The Procurement staff has settled hazard acknowledgment techniques and allots a few assets to provide food for venture chance administration costs. The organization perceives that different dangers go with the buying procedure, and in this way the organization acknowledges this reality by staying cautioned on the ways to deal with dangers once they emerge. Hazard move: Under the senior administration help, the obtainment guarantees that all the secured things, PCs, apparatus, and innovations are protected with the end goal that in the occasions of disaster, the organization may get repaid by the safety net provider. The organization guarantees its assembling gear under burglary, fire, and normal hazard impacts once remunerated the upper hand of the organization stays continued. Hazard alleviation: For sufficiently diminishing the effects of seismic tremors and different catastrophes in the creation of oil and gas process, the acquisition of Australia Worldwide Exploration organization acquires supportable plant, property, and hardware that can withstand the impacts of disasters. Regularly, the most unfavorable impacts encompassing the oil and gas industry go outside man's ability to control and stay questionable and flighty. Grounded on the above task hazard and acquisition the board systems, it stays obvious that the genuine obtainment process relies upon the expense and accessibility of assets in the organization, Bourne, (2016, p. 210). The following is an examination of the acquisition forms followed by the administration of Australia Worldwide Exploration Limited in its endeavor to keep up a worldwide upper hand in the worldwide oil and gas industry. Obtainment Processes The organization has settled undertaking acquirement forms for buying merchandise and enterprises from the qualified providers. In this circumstance, the organization promotes tenders for assembling hardware, PCs, and office furniture with the goal that provisions organizations can apply. The acquisition the board for Australia Worldwide Exploration organization assumes the job of controlling the agreement to the dependable provider according to the necessities of the task. According to Meyr et al., (2015, p. 106), this appropriate organization of agreement between Australia Worldwide and the contracting party empowers the acquisition group to help the organization in dodging dangers related with poor commitment in gracefully contracts. With diminished dangers to poor agreements, the organization increases an upper hand over Chevron Australia and Beach Petroleum organizations that represent a critical danger to the supportability of Australia Worldwide in the worldwide market for oil and gas items. The organization embraces the utilization of task obtainment the executives forms as examined underneath. Compelling arranging of acquirements: The top administration of Australia Worldwide Exploration Ltd has built up powerful arrangements that the obtainment considers while reporting venture buying choices, the methodologies, and in the recognizable proof of potential providers. The capability of a seller remains the key determinant of whether an organization will be picked by the partnership to gracefully anything for its activity. Leading the genuine acquirements: The undertaking of procurement the board gets and analyzes various venders reactions to the promoted tenders chooses a reasonable provider, and grants the agreement. The effective and reasonableness utilized by the organization in granting contracts makes a positive picture in people in general and in this way causing clients to like

Captain Top of Form

How does Duffy present the topic of time in ‘The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team'? In the sonnet, ‘The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team' via Carol Ann Duffy, numerous subjects are as often as possible investigated, time is a gigantic topic introduced all through, there are numerous relations and associations with time and how it changes individuals, influences our conduct and so forth, this topic whenever investigated by Duffy utilizing an assortment of methods including structure, language, emotional procedures and symbolism utilized. Right off the bat time is investigated in detail by the structure of the sonnet. The title of the sonnet gives us the knowledge that the sonnet is stuck in time, because of the date. Shows it must be about past tense or thinking back. This perhaps makes the sonnet progressively significant and individual. The sonnet is written in the main individual as it is the â€Å"Captain that is addressing somebody. The 4 refrains in the sonnet all of different lengths show the structure of the sonnet is disconnected proposing this is his path of thought and his brain everywhere, perhaps attempting to comprehend and remember the past. This is finished utilizing stops and short sentences, the short sentences may likewise show that the storyteller is getting energized and inconsistent, practically innocent that he recollects so a lot and is eager to recount to his story. There is no beat to the sonnet again demonstrating that he hasn’t had the opportunity to gather his thoughts together, nearly in a surge attempting to uncover all the data and simply gabbing everything out without intuition, the utilization of no mood influences the sonnet as it causes it to appear to be increasingly energetic, if a cadence had been utilized it might appear to be progressively formal. Language is additionally critical to show the subject of time. The sonnet is in a casual tone, demonstrating a progressively effusive/discussion which appears to be increasingly untainted and neighborly. (â€Å"Oh lovely ladies were in the Top Ten that month†). The utilization of the casual visit shows he feels bubbly and cheerful maybe indicating this is a more joyful stage in his life, and he lean towards discussing the past than the present. Duffy has utilized a great deal of past tense action words e. g. â€Å"pulled† , â€Å"smiled†, this likewise shows the story is about the past and how he continues thinking back again and again about the things he did. The decision of persona removes the sonnet from Duffy and offers her the chance to see the issues from a progressively target point of view. Anyway the tone of the sonnet isn’t dull it is unsteady, featuring the narrator’s vitality, good faith and pride in himself. Duffy exhibits this by utilizing modifiers like ‘fizzing’, ‘whooped’ and ‘blew like Mick’, she additionally shows his certainty by utilizing confident stages like ‘No snags’, ‘Come on’, ‘I smiled’. Emotional procedures are additionally utilized habitually through Duffy’s sonnet to help overstate the subject of time. She utilizes music to put things in place in the main refrain,' Do Wah Diddy, Baby Love, Oh Pretty Woman' accentuating on the far reaching effect of popular music. There is a feeling of a kid, packing data, I can give you the B-side of the Supremes one. Hold tight. Come See About Me? By and large the inclination is one of idealism. I think the utilization of the music and tunes is to give the youth and fun inclination, the utilization of the old popular music shows he is thinking back on bygone eras and not concentrating on the present, the reality he is singing shows he isn’t relu ctant to communicate, appearing to be very upbeat and happy, the sonnet would appear to be progressively controlled and confined creation us question whether he really making the most of his past. The utilization of these sensational methods make the storyteller appears he has no consideration on the planet likewise draws on his opportunity. Symbolism encourages us considerably more observe the topic of the time in the sonnet. In the third refrain we are given the picture of a glad mother â€Å"My mother kept my mascot Gonk on the TV set for a year. † There is likewise an accentuation of British setting using street names up ‘Churchill Road’ and ‘up Nelson Drive'. In the second verse the speaker portrays going down a slope on his bicycle â€Å"I sped down Dyke Hill, no hands, popular, learning† the utilization of this gives the picture of opportunity and how youngsters dash away on their bicycles with no consideration on the planet. This could likewise identify with time, similar to him dashing ceaselessly on his bicycle, time is by all accounts going so quick, blazing before his eyes.

SAT Score Range Whats a Good SAT Score for Colleges

9Are you wondering if your SAT scores are good enough for your dream school? In this post, well help you figure out the SAT scores you should aim for, the SAT score range you need for top colleges, and answer your frequently asked questions about the SAT score scale. As a bonus, our quick diagnostic quiz will help you predict your SAT scores. Table of Contents What Is a Good SAT Score? What Is a Good SAT Score for College Admissions and the Ivy League? What Is a Good SAT Score Range for Scholarships? FAQ: SAT Scores What are the different types of SAT scores? Why are there so many different scores? What are SAT percentiles, and how can I find my percentile? How does the SAT score scale compare to other tests (PSAT, ACT, and more)? How does the adversity index impact my score? How can I improve my SAT scores? Diagnostic Quiz: How Will You Score on the SAT? What Is a Good SAT Score? A good SAT score range in senior year is 1200-100+ for sophomores. You can get a more detailed breakdown in the video below: SAT Score Scale: The Basics You’ll receive two sectional scores, one Math and one Verbal (combined from the Reading and Writing sections). Math SAT score range: 200-800 points Verbal SAT score range: 200-800 points The average SAT score on each section is 500 points, give or take 30 points (the average composite score in 2018 was 1068). Your Math and Reading/Writing sectional scores add up to a composite (combined) score. The highest composite score you can earn on the SAT is 1600 points. Composite SAT score range: 90-1550 Vanderbilt University170-1520 University of California - Berkeley1290-1510 Emory University170 Carnegie Mellon University1330-1510 University of California - Los Angeles1200-1500 Tufts University190 Brandeis University1310-190 University of California - Santa Barbara1290-1500 University of California - Irvine1195 - 120-1530 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute1320-1500 Tulane University180 University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign1270-150 Lehigh University1330-1500 Northeastern University1360-1530-110 Ohio State University - Columbus1290 University of Texas - Austin1170-130 Yeshiva University110-1330-160 Clemson University1220-1390 Purdue University - West Lafeyette1190-1390 Southern Methodist University1280-160 Brigham Young University - Provo1190-150 University of Pittsburgh1270-160 Texas AM University - College Station1160 Virginia Tech1100-1320 American University1220-1380 Baylor University1190-1360 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick1190-150 Indiana University - Bloomington1150-1360 Michigan State University1110-1250 Stevens Institute of Technology1330-190 Stony Brook University -SUNY1220-190 University of Vermont1180-1360 Florida State University1200-1350 Saint Louis University1170-1390 University of Alabama1060-1280 Drexel University1170-1380 Loyola University Chicago1120-1310 University at Buffalo - SUNY1110 Auburn University1150-1310 Good SAT Scores for the Ivy League Weve also put together a table showing the middle 50% SAT score range for Ivy League schools. UniversitySAT Score Range (25th-75th percentiles) Brown190-1550 Columbia120-1560 Harvard120-1550 Princeton120-1590 For more information on a few of these top schools scores and what theyre looking for, click on each schools name in the table above for an in-depth look! What Is a Good SAT Score Range for Scholarships? Many colleges around the country have what are called guaranteed scholarships. These scholarships are automatically awarded to accepted students who have earned a certain SAT score. A larger number of colleges also have general merit scholarships. These scholarships have the same SAT requirements, but you are in competition with other accepted students for a limited number of awards. These scholarships may require a separate application, along with a personal or themed essay. Scholarships based on academic merit often have minimum SAT scores provided in their descriptions. Take note of any SAT score requirements you find during your research, then average all those scores. The result is your minimum SAT score goal for scholarships. To see the types of scholarships out there, check out our article Whats a Good SAT Score for Scholarships? Frequently Asked Questions About SAT Scores What are the different types of SAT scores? 1. Reading, Writing and Language, Math Test Scores First, there are three test scores for the Reading test, Writing and Language test, and Math test. Each one of these tests will be scored on a range of 10 to 909 41011 4009 3908 3806 3704 3603 3502 3402 3301 3201 3101 3001- 2901- 2801- 2701- 2601- 2501- 2401- 2301- 2201- 2101- 2001- How does the SAT score scale compare to other tests? PSAT vs. SAT Score Scale PSAT scores range from 320-1520. Because its an easier test, a perfect PSAT score corresponds to a 1520 on the SAT. But otherwise, your PSAT score will correspond to what you’d likely get on the SAT if you took it right after the SAT (not as in the very same day, but you know what I mean). The PSAT for sophomores and juniors has two primary functions: to see if you qualify for the National Merit Program and to give you a sense of what your likely SAT score will be. Unless you aim to score in the top 2%, you shouldn’t worry about the scholarship. You should, though, take your PSAT score seriously because it will let you know how much you’ll need to prep for the SAT to hit your target score. You can improve your performance on the actual SAT by prepping and practice; or, if you slack off, your SAT score might be lower than what your PSAT score would suggest. ACT vs. SAT Score Scale ACT and SAT score ranges are about as dry a topic as they come. But there’s actually some serious drama behind this. Right now, the ACT is pretty much fuming that the College Board decided to release an SAT to ACT score translation without consulting them. (Hey College Board–why you no invite me to party?) So the information I’m about to share is somewhat provisional; it might change if the ACT decides to release its own concordance tables (spoiler alert: the College Board won’t be invited). That said, for now, this is what colleges will most likely go on: ACT to New SAT to Old SAT Score Conversion Chart. As you can see from the tables on this score conversion chart, a perfect score on the ACT is a perfect score on the SAT. Though an ACT score of 35 works out to a 1540 on the SAT, remember that the ACT doesn’t have nearly as large of a score range as the SAT (36 increments from 1-36 vs. 120 increments for the SAT from 400-1600). Old SAT vs. New SAT Score Scale The old (pre-March 2016) and new SAT tests are very different; a student who scored in the 95% on the old Math section might not even crack 80% on the new one, or vice versa. With a table to show which score on the old SAT corresponds to which score on the new SAT, colleges can get a real sense of how students who took only the old test did in comparison to those who took the new test. Though the tests are pretty different, another way to compare the two is by using SAT score percentiles. If a score of 800 used to correspond to the top 1%, then the same should apply to the new test. How does the adversity index impact my score? If youve been paying attention to SAT news lately, you may have heard about College Boards new adversity index. This is a measurement that they will give to colleges to contextualize your scores in terms of relative advantage/disadvantage. By creating this new measure, the College Board hopes to show how students from low-income and minority populations perform compared to other students from similar backgrounds. While this has been controversial, the adversity index will not affect SAT scores themselves. Instead, what it will give schools is an understanding of your percentiles based on both your Environmental Context and your High School Context. Again, this wont change your score at all, but instead give universities one more measure with which to interpret your scores. How can I improve my SAT scores? Check out this video for tips to boost your score, and read on for resources to help you before and during test day! Make use of a SAT study scheduleknowing how to study for the SAT is a huge factor in improving your score! Take a free, full-length SAT practice test to establish a baseline score. Review our tips for pacing yourself during an exam. Find ways to remain calm when a question flusters you. Learn how to avoid careless mistakes in the future. (Magooshs SAT study guide has great tips to help with this!) Diagnostic Quiz: How Will You Score on the SAT? document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { if(!window.jQuery) alert("The important jQuery library is not properly loaded in your site. Your WordPress theme is probably missing the essential wp_head() call. You can switch to another theme and you will see that the plugin works fine and this notice disappears. If you are still not sure what to do you can contact us for help."); }); Quiz Starts Here: This quiz has one page for each SAT section (3 total): Writing and Language ("English"), Math, and Reading. This quiz will take about 10-20 minutes to complete, so grab some scratch paper and a calculator, and do your best! 1English112Math223Reading33Page 1 of 3English Instructions After reading the passage below, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a "NO CHANGE" option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is. The common setup is researchers will divide subjects into two groups, one of which is allowed to use the Internet after finishing the task, the other of which must finish the task until completion. Yet another common setup allows subjects unfettered use of the Internet when trying to complete the task. Not surprisingly this last group acted 1 worse on tests of productivity. 2 Not so surprisingly the group that used 10 minutes of web access as an incentive, tended not only to finish the task sooner than the group without any web access but also 3 worked with more vigor when their Internet time was up. 1. A) NO CHANGEB) the worstC) badlyD) more poorly 2. Within the context of the paragraph, the underlined portion should be changed to which of the following? A) NO CHANGEB) Unsurprisingly C) Less surprisinglyD) What is surprising is that 3. A) NO CHANGEB) to workC) they worked D) to be workingPage 2 of 3Math Instructions Solve the problem and then choose the correct answer. You may use a calculator on this portion of the SAT Mathematics Test. 1. The length of Rectangle WXYZ is increased 20% and the width is decreased 20%. The area of the resulting figure is what percent that of Rectangle WXYZ? A) 4%B) 96%C) 100%D) 120% 2. Mike saved 20% on a shirt before taxes. If he paid $60 for the shirt, what was the original price of the shirt? A) $48B) $64.60C) $75D) $80 3. Solution X is 10 percent alcohol by volume, and solution Y is 30 percent alcohol by volume. How many milliliters of solution Y must be added to 200 milliliters of solution X to create a solution that is 25 percent alcohol by volume? A) 250/3B) 500/3 C) 480D) 600Page 3 of 3Reading Instructions The passage below is followed by a number of questions. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied int he passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph). Metamorphosis I recently dug up a photograph of myself from freshman year of college that made me smile. I have on the wrong shoes, the wrong socks, the wrong checkered shirt tucked the wrong way into the wrong slacks. I look like what I was: a boy sprung from a middlebrow burg who affected a secondhand preppiness. I look nervous. Compare that image to one from my senior-class dinner: now I am attired in a gray tweed jacket with a green plaid bow tie and a sensible button-down shirt, all purchased at the Yale Co-op. I look confident, and more than a bit contrived. What happened in between those two photographs is that I experienced, then overcame, what the poet Meena Alexander has called â€Å"the shock of arrival.† When I was deposited at the wrought-iron gates of my residential college as a freshman, I felt more like an outsider than I’d thought possible. It wasn’t just that I was a small Chinese boy standing at a grand WASP temple; nor simply that I was a hayseed neophyte puzzled by the refinements of college style. It was both: color and class were all twisted together in a double helix of felt inadequacy. For a while I coped with the shock by retreating to a group of my own kind—not follow Asians, but fellow marginal public school grads who resented the rah-rah Yalies to whom everything came effortlessly. Aligning myself this way was bearable—I was hiding, but at least I could place myself in a long tradition of underdog exiles at Yale. Aligning myself by race, on the other hand, would have seemed too inhibiting. I know this doesn’t make much sense. I know also that college, in the multicultural era, is supposed to be where the deracinated minority youth discovers the â€Å"person of color† inside. To a point, I did. I studied Chinese, took an Asian American history course, a seminar on race politics. But ultimately, college was where the unconscious habits of my adolescent assimilation hardened into self-conscious strategy. 1. In the first paragraph, the change the author observes in his former self can best be described as one from A) uncertainty to despairB) confidence to conformityC) awkwardness to poise D) immaturity to jadedness 2. The author primarily attributes his â€Å"’shock of arrival’† to A) unfamiliarity with his surroundingsB) awareness of his differencesC) difficulty making lasting friendshipsD) unease as to his future direction 3. The â€Å"self-conscious strategy† primarily describes the author’s attempt to A) reject an element of his pastB) posses a greater awareness of a former tendencyC) embrace his ethnic identity by taking certain coursesD) retreat from social activities through academics Loading... //jQuery(document).ready(function(){ document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { var question_ids = "51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59"; WatuPROSettings[12] = {}; WatuPRO.qArr = question_ids.split(','); WatuPRO.exam_id = 12; WatuPRO.post_id = 7194; WatuPRO.store_progress = 0; WatuPRO.requiredIDs="0".split(","); WatuPRO.hAppID = "0.88626800 1580797340"; var url = "https://magoosh.com/hs/wp-content/plugins/watupro/show_exam.php"; WatuPRO.examMode = 2; WatuPRO.numCats =3; WatuPRO.siteURL="https://magoosh.com/hs/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; WatuPROIntel.init(12); WatuPRO.inCategoryPages=1;}); How did you do on the Diagnostic Quiz above? What else do you want to know about SAT score ranges? Let us know in the comments! Editor’s Note: This post was originally published in June 2016 and has been updated for freshness, accuracy, and comprehensiveness.

Montana-class Battleships US Navy - World War II

Displacement: 66,040 tonsLength: 920 ft., 6 in.Beam:  121 ft.Draft:  36 ft., 1 in.Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" Babcock Wilcox 2-drum express type boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines,  4 Ãâ€" 43,000  hp Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  28 knots Armament (Planned) 12 Ãâ€" 16-inch (406  mm)/50 cal Mark 7 guns (4  Ãƒâ€" 3)20 Ãâ€" 5-inch (127  mm)/54 cal Mark 16 guns10–40 Ãâ€" Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns56 Ãâ€" Oerlikon 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons Background Recognizing the role that a naval arms race had played in the run-up to World War I, leaders from several key nations gathered in November 1921 to discuss preventing a recurrence in the postwar years.  These conversations produced the Washington Naval Treaty in February 1922 which placed limits on both ship tonnage and the overall size of the signatories fleets.  As a result of this and subsequent agreements, the US Navy halted battleship construction for over a decade after the completion of the Colorado-class USS West Virginia (BB-48) in December 1923.  In the mid-1930s, with the treaty system unraveling, work began on the design of the new North Carolina-class.  With global tensions rising, Representative Carl Vinson,  Chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee, pushed forward the Naval Act of 1938 which mandated a 20% increase in the US Navys strength.   Dubbed the Second Vinson Act, the bill allowed for the construction of four South Dakota-class battleships (South Dakota, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Alabama) as well as the first two ships of the Iowa-class (Iowa and New Jersey).  In 1940, with World War II underway in Europe, four additional battleships numbered BB-63 to BB-66 were authorized.  The second pair, BB-65 and BB-66 were initially slated to be the first ships of the new Montana-class.  This new design represented the US Navys response to Japans Yamato-class of super battleships which commenced construction in 1937.  With the passage of the Two-Ocean Navy Act in July 1940, a total of five Montana-class ships were authorized along with an additional two Iowas.  As a result, hull numbers BB-65 and BB-66 were assigned to the Iowa-class ships USS Illinois and USS Kentucky while the Montanas were renumbered BB-67 to BB-71.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Design Concerned about rumors that the Yamato-class would mount 18 guns, work on the Montana-class design commenced in 1938 with specifications for a battleship of 45,000 tons.  Following early assessments by the Battleship Design Advisory Board, naval architects initially increased the new class displacement to 56,000 tons.  Additionally, the board requested that the new design be 25% stronger offensively and defensively than any existing battleship in the fleet and that it was permissible to exceed the beam restrictions imposed by the Panama Canal to obtain the desired results.  To obtain the additional firepower, designers armed the Montana-class with twelve 16 guns mounted in four three-gun turrets.  This was to be supplemented by a secondary battery of twenty 5/54 cal. guns placed in ten twin turrets.  Designed specifically for the new battleships, this type of 5 gun was intended to replace the existing 5/38 cal. weapons then in use. For protection, the Montana-class possessed a side belt of 16.1 while the armor on the barbettes was 21.3.  The employment of enhanced armor meant that the Montanas would be the only American battleships capable of being protected against the heaviest shells used by its own guns.  In this case, that was the super-heavy 2,700  lb. APC (armor-piercing capped) shells fired by the 16/50 cal. Mark 7 gun.  The increase in armament and armor came at a price as naval architects were required to reduce the class top speed from 33 to 28 knots to accommodate the extra weight.  This meant that the Montana-class would not be able to serve as escorts for the fast Essex-class aircraft carriers or sail in concert with the three preceding classes of American battleships.   Fate The Montana-class design continued to undergo refinements through 1941 and was finally approved in April 1942 with the goal of having the ships operational in the third quarter of 1945.  Despite this, construction was delayed as the shipyards capable of building the vessels were engaged in constructing Iowa- and Essex-class ships.  After the Battle of the Coral Sea the following month, the first battle fought solely by aircraft carriers, the building of the Montana-class was indefinitely suspended as it became increasing clear that battleships would be of secondary importance in the Pacific.  In the wake of the decisive Battle of Midway, the entire Montana-class was canceled in July 1942.  As a result, the Iowa-class battleships were the last battleships to be built by the United States. Intended Ships Yards USS Montana (BB-67): Philadelphia Naval ShipyardUSS Ohio (BB-68): Philadelphia Naval ShipyardUSS Maine (BB-69): New York Naval ShipyardUSS New Hampshire (BB-70): New York Naval ShipyardUSS Louisiana (BB-71): Norfolk Naval Shipyard The cancellation of USS Montana (BB-67) represented the second time a battleship named for the 41st state had been eliminated.  The first was a South Dakota-class (1920) battleship that was dropped due to the Washington Naval Treaty.  As a result, Montana became the only state (of the 48 then in the Union) never to have had a battleship named in its honor. Selected Sources Military Factory: Montana-class BattleshipsGlobal Security: Montana-class Battleships

Refugees And Human Rights Law - 2625 Words

Refugee law is closely related to international human rights law, and some would consider it to be a branch of human rights law. Refugee law has been an important issue for countries everywhere. Refugees can be seen as a burden to most countries prior to World War II when every state had their borders open to home thousands. The first part of this paper will look at the prime legislation available to refugees. The second part will focus more closely on the relevant case law over time in regards to refugees and human rights. Refugees are protected by two primary legislation at the international level, the first being the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. These two combined provided the most protection for refuges but was only followed by countries who had signed both at the time. This is of key importance as this effected how refugees were being treated when they entered into nation states when fleeing for their safety. â€Å"Refugees by definition are victims of human rights violations†. Under the 1951 Refugee Convention â€Å"a refugee is defined as to any person and owing to a well- founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country†. This definition has been critiqued for notShow MoreRelatedRefugees Of Refugees And Asylees Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesTorres 1 Virgenmina Torres GNED-400: Paper 4 Professor Grigg/Narita October 20, 2016 Asylees and Refugees Refugees and Asylees are defined as, â€Å"Under international law as being outside their home country and having a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, according to Bridging Refugee Youth Children Services article, â€Å"Refugee 101.† In the United States, refugee and asylees resettlement wasRead MoreThe International Organization For Migration957 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Law: Why Studying in the Field of Law Not A Lost Cause â€Å"Roughly one million refugees fled Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria and made their way to Europe last year. The International Organization for Migration(IOM) estimates the incoming refugee rate to be 17 times higher this year with the death toll of those trying to seek refuge up by more than 15 percent†(Baral). I argue that there is a need for international lawyers in the projected future because of the increase of refugees as a resultRead MoreEffectiveness Of The United States And Canada s Polices Towards Refugees Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesand Canada’s Polices Towards Refugees Has United States or Canada been more effective with implementing and abiding by refugee rules and laws? Before discussing and comparing which of these countries had been more successful, the historical context of refugees needs to be explored. Although refugees have existed throughout the course of history, the definitions of what a refuge is had shifted and evolved over time. The League of Nations in the 1920s defined refugees â€Å"by categories, specificallyRead MoreRefugees ´ Rights to Life Essay532 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The term refugee has been used a lot lately on news and other media outlets. As Americans when we hear or think about a refugee, we always think of others. We think of the misplaced Syrians and the children of war in Africa, we think of refugees from Afghanistan and those migrating here from MiddlEast fearing prosecution of their oppressed governments; hardly ever we give a thought of such term in association with an American. It does not accrue to us that stronger nations have fallen, theirRead MoreAustralia s Treatment Of Desperate Refugees Will Make It A Pariah Nation1269 Words   |  6 Pages Australia’s treatment of desperate refugees will make it a pariah nation Annotated Bibliography 1. https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/13/australias-treatment-desperate-refugees-will-make-it-pariah-nation This article focusses on three main points in which the refugees have suffered from the Australian government deciding to implement a plan to save lives from refugees coming to Australia by boat. In 2012 and 2013 tens of thousands more refugees fled their home countries to move away fromRead MoreA Brief Note On The Syrian Refugee Crisis1573 Words   |  7 Pagesnumbers can feel cold and distant and even kind of comforting because they don t feel like people, and I think that’s the reason much of the world was able to ignore the years old Syrian refugee crisis until recently. But then after thousands of refugees died this year trying to get to Europe, one three year old boy washed ashore in Turkey. His name was Aylan Kurdi and he drowned with his five year old brother and his mom trying to get to Greece. His father Abdullah has now returned to Syria to buryRead MoreThe Right Of Refugees From The Syrian Civil War1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe right of refugees to be granted ref uge in another country has been a major human rights issue of our time. A refugee, according to international refugee law, is â€Å"all of those who flee persecution on the basis of religion, race, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group† (Goldenziel 2). In this particular case I will examine how Syrian refugees have faced persecution as a result of generalized violence from the Syrian Civil War. This is the worst humanitarianRead Moreasylum seekers1734 Words   |  7 PagesInternational has found that anti-asylum seekers sentiments are not actually fuelled by racism. Australia pride itself on its strong human rights record and its standing as a good global citizen. However deeper analysis and according to recent situation that how boat people are being treated shows that Australia has failed to fulfill with its international human rights obligations in a number of areas. This is making the things complicating and has tendency towards receptionist and relativist argumentsRead MoreThe Uprising Of The Arab World1223 Words   |  5 PagesOver half, the state s population is reaching out to the world for asylum. Moreover, this war has risen international disputes in the level of involvement to take in Syria. The humanitarian assistance with the refugees takes precedence, and whether to take in or not to take Syrian refugees. The Syrian war is turning out to be one of the most murderous wars of all time. Since the beginning of the war, there is an estimated 400,00 deaths caused by violence and 70,000 results as an indirect resultRead MoreHuman Rights : International Organization, Flexible Standards, And International Refugee Law1365 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of Syrian refugees are being hunted and displaced from their homes, while the majority of the world closes their blinds from this present day massacre. Resolving the Syrian refugee crisis is a complex and daunting task, but the future of their lives rest in the palms of our hands and it is our moral obligation to interfere and aid the innocent. Article #1 Goldenziel, Jill I. Regulating Human Rights: International Organizations, Flexible Standards, and International Refugee Law.  Chicago Journal

Critical Learning Strategies for Students

Question: Discuss about the Critical Learning Strategies for Students. Answer: Introduction: The ability to develop good note-taking and paraphrasing strategies, to effectively summarise academic resources, is the most important and useful writing skill a student can have. In note taking, a student can remember what he or she was taught; this would be possible by taking few of the relevant information given in class or lectures. Through note taking, one can paraphrase the main information in their own words and put it in a manner that is easily understandable when going through your work for the purpose of texts or assignments (Bui Myerson, 2014, p.14). Therefore, when taking notes, it is not advisable to copy and paste all the information given by a lecturer or the instructor, but it is required to summarize, for example, notes from a lecture so as to avoid writing everything that was said. Therefore, it is evident that the three writing skills depend on each other. It is more important to integrate all of them in learning. Note taking is an essential academic activity, it can occur when attending a lecture or a seminar. Note taking involves listening and writing skills. It is because one has to look to the source of information and thereafter, write the key important points. In the case of note taking, it demands someone to be active through writing and listening rather than being a passive reader or a listener (De Brito, 2015, p104). One should be very critical when taking note so as to make the credible points you need later in your reading or referring in the case of an assignment or reading for an examination. Note taking take few principles in its writing. One should be brief. This is to avoid making a lot of notes that you may not require, therefore, it is advisable to write down some skimmed points. Secondly, it is compressive so as to avoid missing any important detail or relevant information. Thirdly one should be selective to only pick the relevant and useful points (Ruby Ruby Jr, 2013, p.12 8). Note taking helps a student to arrange his or her ideas in an orderly manner to understand without struggling. It also assists a student to recall what he had read or heard, thus, enhancing understanding. Note taking also encourages attentiveness of a student as it helps one to be keen so as to understand the important point without missing out points. It also helps us to focus on your subject area. Careful note taking should minimize the period of study and increase the time of keeping certain information in mind without forgetting. Also, a student can maintain the skill of listening throughout the lesson hence facilitating proper participation during the lesson. In this case, the student will seek clarification on the issue which they did not understand. The teacher may also be in a position to answer questions from the learner. The instructor would measure the extent to which the objectives are met in the classroom as the student would reflect them on the notes that they would have taken (Peverly, Garner Vekaria, 2014, p.6). Note taking act as reference materials thus enhancing good remembrance to the students. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is a learning strategy which involves the following steps; reading an original text, picking notes on key facts in your words, selecting the verb that you can easily use, reading twice the original text to make sure that your notes are similar. Therefore, complete your sentences by adding your phrases, for instance, by changing the arrangement of facts, sentences structure, grammar and changing phrases rather than changing single words. Paraphrasing helps one to develop and show understanding and elaboration of a certain text so as to avoid plagiarism. In paraphrasing, words do not match the source words. It involves putting of words from another source into your words, but the intended meaning from the source should be retained and still communicate the original message (Schmeck, 2013, p.19). Paraphrasing must be mostly directed to the source. It enables students to develop creativity so as to enhance originality on the given topic. Through this, student can understand their work properly as compared to when the notes were not paraphrased. It also creates good reference materials because the notes are readily available and easy to comprehend. Students are able to learn from each other as they engage themselves in group work discussion thus promoting good interaction among the learners. Paraphrasing strengthens the language of the students as one can learn new words as well as able to construct grammatically correct sentences. These in return makes the student to comfortably speak frequently (Grabe Zhang, 2013, p.10). Summarizing Through Note Taking and Paraphrasing Strategies Effective summarizing of academic resources is also necessary for all students in their learning. They should engage in this form of skill so as to ease their understanding. Summarising comes up with less information than it is in the source text. For example, in biology a student can do the summary by picking up the most wanted statement, this prompts to minimizing the interpretation to the greater extent that would make complete sense to the students in their revision. When reading a book, you avoid picking up all the events that took place in a certain story but only select the important key point of what happened. It enables the student to study systematically as well as he or she can measure his level of understanding. Note taking helps the learner to save much time while revising for exam thus making the learner to cover a lot in a short period. Therefore, this builds confidence to the student during the exams, thus, encouraging good performance (Marn, Osa Garcias, 2014, p.64) . In every educational process where the three writing skills are required, they take place one after the other. For example, in a lecture, a student first listens to the lecturer's information, then internalize the given information and summarize it by picking the important points. He is guided to put them down on a piece of paper or on an electronic gadget and that is what we call note taking. In this, paraphrasing comes in when you put the lecturers words in a different phrase but possess the same meaning as that of the lecturers or the source information (Sikhwari, Pillay Grobler, 2015, p. 115). Therefore, these academic skills are related to one another in one way or another. These three skills enable the learner to develop courage especially in debates because he or she will have excellent communication skills and can support his or her point clearly. The skills characterize a good student thus making the work of a teacher easier as the teacher will be able to detect the level of understanding of the students (Olson, 2015, p.23). They promote a good conducive environment for learning since the student is busy listening thus preventing the learner to be disturbed while reading or when being taught by the teacher. The combination of these skills makes the student use his or her learning materials maximally these ensure that the learners utilizes the resources materials well. They also assist the student to develop good speech whereby, the student can express his or herself freely without fear. It can be negated whatsoever, that the three academic skills are not essential for the student to learn because, through note taking, paraphrasing and summarize may be biased because it simplifies the student work, and this may make students leave out the important key point that may be useful in one's studies (Keck, 2014, p.22). Conclusion It is therefore, evident and genuine that the three skills; careful note taking, paraphrasing strategies and efficient summarizing are necessary to the student for the reason that, they aim at easing the work of a student for easy understanding. They develop the ability of good listening thus encouraging keenness of the learner. They as well improve the activeness of every student for they ensure that the student is keenly listening so as to hear the source information then summarize it by paraphrasing and putting them in simple phrases that a learner can understand later when learning (Deller Price, 2013, p.63). For these skills to be maintained, a teacher should encourage students to use them so as to develop the interest of learning in the presence of the teacher and even in the absence of the teacher. It is advisable for all students to adopt these important skills because they play a great role in students performance (Oxford, 2016, p.93). I can therefore agree that developing good note taking and paraphrasing strategies, to effectively summarize academic resource, is important for students in learning processes. References Bui, D. C., Myerson, J. (2014). The role of working memory abilities in lecture note-taking. Learning and Individual Differences, 33, 12-22. Ruby, P., Ruby Jr, R. (2013). Note Taking: An Important Part of the Learning Process. Charleston, SC: Southeast Decision Sciences Institute. Peverly, S. T., Garner, J. K., Vekaria, P. C. (2014). Both handwriting speed and selective attention are important to lecture note-taking. Reading and Writing, 27(1), 1-30. Keck, C. (2014). Copying, paraphrasing, and academic writing development: A re-examination of L1 and L2 summarization practices. Journal of Second Language Writing, 25, 4-22. Oxford, R. L. (2016). Teaching and Researching Language Learning Strategies: Self-Regulation in Context. Routledge. Schmeck, R. R. (Ed.). (2013). Learning strategies and learning styles. Springer Science Business Media. Marn, V. I., de la Osa, T., Garcias, A. P. (2014, June). A Methodological Strategy focused on the Integration of different Learning Contexts in Higher Education. In Proceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Interaction Design in Educational Environments (p. 64). ACM. De Brito, J. (2015). The Effects of Listening Comprehension on English Language Learners Writing Performance while Taking Notes. Olson, M. H. (2015). An introduction to theories of learning. Psychology Press. Grabe, W., Zhang, C. (2013). Reading and writing together: A critical component of English for academic purposes teaching and learning. TESOL Journal, 4(1), 9-24. Deller, S., Price, C. (2013). Teaching other subjects through English. Oxford University Press. Sikhwari, T. D., Pillay, J., Grobler, B. (2015). Reflections on a Study Skills Training Program at a University in Limpopo Province, South Africa.

The Keynes

The Keynes-Hayek showdown Essay A disagreement occurs when a different opinion is expressed (Oxford Dictionary). To a certain degree, it is assumed by the question that disagreement aids in the pursuit of knowledge. There are cases that will be evoked that indicate otherwise. Isaac Newton stated that â€Å"if has seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants. † (Hawking, 9) He is stating that those who develop future pursuits of intellect in the form of knowledge are those who best understand and develop further works created by major thinkers of prior times. Newton believes that the in-depth study of others’ work, and at times disagreeing with some of it can push us forward in our pursuit of knowledge. The areas of knowledge being dealt with are pre-determined by the topic and are: human science and natural science. Natural science is a branch of science which deals with the physical world (Merriam-Webster). This includes physics, chemistry, and biology among others, including geology. This also includes human physiology. Anything in medicine discussing how our bodies work falls into the natural sciences. We will write a custom essay on The Keynes-Hayek showdown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When we take that a step further to discuss behavior, this is what constitutes human science. This type of science is a field that deals with the institutions as well as the functioning of human society. This also encompasses the interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society. An example of this is economics, the study of how individuals as well as groups choose to employ productive resources (Merriam-Webster). There are different methods to acquire knowledge in the two areas being discussed. Inquiries in the human sciences are different in kind from the inquiries of the natural sciences. The process in the natural sciences is far more concrete. Human sciences are not always as precise as natural sciences. This is because human behavior demands a method extremely sensitive to elements of whim or personal preference. Humans make irrational decisions. Those seeking knowledge or looking to make generalizations cannot account for all of these. The central disagreement amongst economists is a matter of economic philosophy. The two key schools of thought in economics are: Keynesian economics and free-market economics, represented by Hayek. Keynesian economics was presented in an extensive economic theory in the 1930s. His belief was that a prosperous economy could be created by a combination of the private sector (investors unrelated to the government) and the aid of the government, through monetary and fiscal policies. These include policies that actively control money supply and interest rates as the economy changes, in an effort to keep employment high. (Giants of Finance: John Maynard Keynes. ) By contrast, the free-market economists advocate that the government take a hands off policy. They believe that governments should allow the market to run freely, through the private sector. This view holds that there should be absolutely no intervention by the government, as this is held to be interference with the ability of a free economy to normalize itself. This appears to be in disagreement with the aforementioned theory that government involvement in the economy can be beneficial. (The Keynes-Hayek Showdown) These two economic philosophies each have merits as well as flaws. However, these strongly supported and clashing views are a central cause of disagreement among economists to this day. Additionally, each philosophy hints at the way that these two economists think, and at their system of beliefs. Keynes came from a very liberal family and was open to radical ideas with regards to government intervention. Hayek, by contrast, was much more conservative and was brought up agreeing with the perspective that intervention only leads to greater issues in the future. This suggests that emotion may play a role in their points of view. They each have a bias towards what they have been brought up to believe. Emotion can, at times, skew our reasoning. This could have lead to holes or mistakes in their theories. .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .postImageUrl , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:hover , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:visited , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:active { border:0!important; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:active , .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ea69818b2d8a2bcf20d5597a99704dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry analysis Essay ThesisThey would have each needed to put their bias behind themselves as their counterpart was looking for flaws in their model. It is evident that economics is not an exact science, as there are countless external factors that have an effect on the economy. This allows there to be two opposing theories, as results of a particular occurrence vary based on numerous reasons. For example, the result of an earthquake of the same magnitude has a very different effect on the economy in Japan than that in Haiti. Japan is far less vulnerable, and has measures in place to reduce damages. Therefore, it is clear that different theories are applicable and will be effective in different instances. When there are tangible issues such as unemployment that must be dealt with, economists of either ideology will attempt to come up with solutions. The solution that may be determined by a combination of multiple solutions represents some form of a compromise. This compromise was aided by the disagreement and the two opposing perspectives put forth. These two men were both driven by the desire to have their own model be the one that is deemed as correct.

Successes and Failure of Carters Presidency essays

Successes and Failure of Carters Presidency essays The first year tenure of Carter's presidency bought some changes in the political arena with revision in the Administration of the Social Security system that in turned increased both the wage base and rate of taxation, in order to produce the revenue required to continue the program. On the contrary, he also sent a complete energy program to Congress, to get a prompt approval, which unfortunately became the subject of an ongoing congressional argument. However, before his second year was completed his important successes include a bill to deregulate natural gas. This was a part of his original energy package and to evaluate and facilitate him to There was not much success on the economy side, even though the economy of United States continued to get better, but the growth rate seemed to be caught at around five percent of GNP, and unemployment on the other hand continued to afflict. While Inflation, worsened during his tenure. At the same time in his foreign policy Carter announced that relations of the United States with other countries would be based on a point for the rights of humans -the Carter "human rights" policy. The outcome of this doctrine brought few governments of other nations accusation of interference in internal affairs, while majority of the world A new era in Chinese-American relations was made on 1st January 1979. This was the initial steps towards normalization which began with Richard Nixon's trip to Beijing in 1972 that concluded in full diplomatic relations between the United States and China. He also made efforts to get permanent peace in the Middle East, resulting in the signing of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel on March 26, 1979. This is considered to be Carter's most ambitious foreign policy achievement. The foreign policy faced acute hindrances during the last year of ...

Bullwhip Efect Barilla Spa

The Bullwhip Effect and Barilla SpA The Bullwhip Effect is an observed phenomenon in forecast-driven distribution channels where there is variability up the supply chain. Some of its causes are: Dependent demand processing Forecast Errors Adjustment of inventory control parameters with each demand observation Lead Time Variability (forecast error during replenishment lead time) Lot-sizing/order synchronization Trade promotion and forward buying Anticipation of shortages One way to achieve this is to establish a demand-driven supply chain which reacts to actual customer orders. The result is near-perfect visibility of customer demand and inventory movement throughout the supply chain. Better information leads to better inventory positioning and lower costs throughout the supply chain. Methods intended to reduce uncertainty, variability, and lead time: †¢Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) †¢Just In Time replenishment (JIT) †¢Strategic partnership †¢Information sharing †¢Smooth the flow of products ocoordinate with retailers to spread deliveries evenly oreduce minimum batch sizes osmaller and more frequent replenishments

Movie Piracy - Is There a Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Piracy - Is There a Solution - Essay Example This paper attempts to answer questions such as these. It argues why movie piracy should be stopped and how it can be curbed to a large extent, if not completely stopped. I. Instilling Ethics The film industry experiences losses to the tune of hundreds of billions of dollars due to movie piracy. Film studios and copyright holders are the largest victims. Movie piracy began with the advent of VCRs in the 1980s (Straubhaar, LaRose, and Davenport 204). Ever since, the copying and selling of movies has been rampant. It is vital for both, vendors of pirated movies and consumers of pirated movies, to realize that the very practice of propagating and consuming pirated movies is unethical. It is unjust to jeopardize and exploit the hard work of others and deprive them of their fair share. Pirate activities undermine every aspect of the legitimate filmmaking business since legitimate retailers cannot possibly compete fairly with pirate business. Pirate operations do not have the average expen ses associated with the cost of doing legitimate business. Piracy negatively affects every rung on the ladder including the studios that invest in the film, the distributors, the retailers, and foreign and local filmmakers (MPAA qt. in Pang 43). Movie piracy is prevalent worldwide. According to Indian filmmakers, movie piracy accounts for at least 50% loss of revenue (Badam 46). Commenting at the practice of movie piracy, Mukesh Bhatt, an Indian film producer, states, â€Å"I’ve seen my movies pirated in streets abroad and it makes my heart bleed because it means I’m not getting my rightful share,† (Badam 46). Those indulging in movie piracy need to realize that they are stripping the filmmakers of their hard work and well deserved earnings. It is important to understand that being involved in such unethical activities only for a few dollars is against civility and humanity. II. Highlighting the Actual Victims Another issue that must be brought to public notice is that movie piracy is not a victimless crime. Supporters of piracy may argue that it is not harmful to anyone and that it in fact eases the pockets of consumers who cannot afford to spend too much money. This belief is contrary to the actual reality. Video piracy in fact harms the economy in many ways, whose effects cascade down to the general public including the perpetrators of the crime themselves.  

Analysis and implications for practice of quantitative research report Essay

Analysis and implications for practice of quantitative research report - Essay Example This work, hence, aims at analyzing the theory use in qualitative approaches in research as applied in qualitative end-of-life studies. Qualitative end-of-life studies are reviewed in order to illustrate theory application to the designs and findings of the study Purpose of the Study As nurse researchers turn theory in order to gain guide investigations and conceptualize research problems, the application of such theory lacks consensus and consistency because qualitative research, in such a case, rarely articulate with the theory. Therefore, an analysis of this report is very significant to nursing because it will be applied by nurses’ researchers to improve their qualitative research and hence ensure consensus and consistency. On the other hand, nurses will learn to articulate application of qualitative research with theory thus improving their designs and findings. ... Finally, nurse researchers apply theory into approaches of qualitative research in end-of-life studies. Study Variables The dependent variables in the study are theory, and end-of-life, while the independent variable is qualitative research. Conceptual Model / Theoretical Framework Theory and research are characterized in many ways, in regard to their relationships. Research and theory have mutual effects, that is research problems and questions are conceptualized by theory. On the other hand, research can either support or reject theory. Studies that incorporate the link between theory and research are more effective, theory linked research, unlike theory isolated research. Therefore, in this study, theoretical framework is used to conceptualize, conceptual model, research problems and questions so as to develop, test and refine the theory, as applies in qualitative research to address end-of-life studies. Review of Related Literature The reviewed literature supports the needs of th is study in various ways. First, reviewed literature has been used to outline the relationship between theory and qualitative research. Fawcett (1998) says that the relationship between theory and qualitative research resembles that of a double helix DNA molecule. That is, they are interdependent. On the other hand, Polit & Beck (2006) describes their relationship as reciprocal. Review of literature has also been used to give definition of theory and qualitative research. Fawcett (1999) says that authors should clearly define the terms they use clearly because many researchers and theorists use theoretical framework, theory and conceptual framework to mean the same thing. Polit & Beck however say

Metropolis Symphony Essay -- Music Musical Musician Papers

The Development of the Programmatic Symphony from the 19th Century into the 21st Century Since the early symphonies of Sammartini and Stamitz the orchestral symphony has underwent constant development. In the early nineteenth century Beethoven started a new form of the symphony when he composed a symphony based on programmatic music. The programmatic symphony is a composition that is written with non-musical influences. "Program music is instrumental music which tells a story illustrates literary ideas, or evokes pictorial scenes. Though the term originated with Listz, illustrative music has existed for as long as music itself."(Kennedy p. 579) The form is more like a multi-movement tone poem that tells a story though music. The symphonies of Haydn, and Mozart were pieces written with music that was not influenced by non-musical ideas. Other symphonies that have been written that are programmatic are Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz, Symphony no. 3 "Pastoral" by Vaughan Williams, and Metropolis Symphony by Michael Daugherty. This paper will show the similarities and differences between the programmatic symphonies of Beethoven, Berlioz, and Daugherty. Ludwig Van Beethoven 1770-1827 The first major programmatic symphony was written by Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1807-08. Although it was not completed until 1808 there are sketches for the symphony that go as far back as 1803. This was his sixth symphony and it was in F major. The first performance of the symphony was on December 22, 1808 which was the same premier of his fifth symphony. This symphony has five movements. The instrumentation for the symphony includes two flutes and piccolo, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two ... ...also has expanded the size of the wind section of the orchestra with several more instruments. While Beethoven and Berlioz composed their symphonies as complete works Daugherty allows conductors to perform movements separately if they desire. This makes each movement more like a tone poem than a full symphony. It is easy to see though by the Dies Irae in the fifth movement and the storm like atmosphere of the fourth movement how Daugherty was influenced by these two composers who came over one hundred years before him. In conclusion, the programmatic symphony has been used to create some of the greatest works of musical literature in the past two hundred years. In the next century composers will probably follow in these composers’ footsteps and expand the size of the orchestra to create new timbres and tell stories through tone painting in symphonies.

Abnormal Psychology Essay

Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with psychopathology and abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior is disruptive in classes unable to control tempers and loud. Abnormal Phycology is when someone’s thoughts are causing them discomfort and they act on it. This will then allow someone to be diagnosed mentally Ill. Normal Psychology: See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Normal psychology is the study of the human behavior and the mind. It is stereotype in way that judge’s criteria are normal or abnormal. Normal psychology is a common way to diagnose behavior by the ability to be Maladaptive. Two aspects make this flexible and common. Maladaptive to one’s self is the inability to reach goals, and to adapt to the everyday demands of life. Also there is Maladaptive to society, the interference in social functioning.(Spoor 1999) Being in either of these categories someone would be diagnosed mentally ill. Comparison of Normal and Abnormal Psychology: Normal Psychology and abnormal psychology works together because they both are decisions made that people chose to react to. In a normal setting someone can be sitting and reading a book quietly. Then another person comes along and makes loud distracting noises that the person either chooses to adhere to or ignore. Abnormal psychology has worked out more problems that were associated with normal psychology. Therapies and treatments are advanced, illnesses and disorders are common and frequent, and studies are in depth. The root of normal psychology has attached itself to abnormal psychology. The study of how a person feels, thinks, interprets, and behaves is the root of both of these psychological paths and they are intertwined. Abnormal Psychology Essay Jeffrey Dahmer was a sex offender and serial killer mainly between the years 1978 and 1991. He is well known for his severely atypical behaviors. Among his outward manners that are recognized as abnormal are paraphilia-specifically necrophilia and sexual sadism. Jeffrey Dahmer’s victims, whom were boys and men, suffered from rape, violence, dismemberment and finally their murders. Dahmer’s slow progression of killings soon turned into an obsession, which would later land him in prison with a sentence for fifteen life terms or a total of 957 years in prison. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer was born to Joyce and Lionel Dahmer in Wisconsin, and eight years later moved with his family to Ohio. In his younger years, between the ages of ten and fifteen, Jeffrey became more and more antisocial; he was very quiet and socially distant from his family members and had signs of anhedonia (loss of interest in hobbies and interactions with people). Discovered later, this behavior may have been caused by peers at school consistently mocking Jeffrey without him putting up any defense for himself. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay His fetishes and discoveries of unique hobbies began in a biology class in 9th grade where Jeffrey and his classmates dissected a fetal pig. At the end of the class, Jeffrey collected the remains of the pig and returned to the house, deciding to keep its skeleton. Dahmer’s fascination with this initial incident began to grow and carry over to other animals, such as dogs and cats. In an interview with Stone Phillips Dahmer says, â€Å"There may have been some violence involved, some underlying subconscious feelings of violence†¦ I just†¦ it was a compulsion, it became a compulsion. As this continued throughout his teenage years, Jeffrey Dahmer began to consume alcohol regularly. In the same interview he admits, â€Å"I was drinking a lot during that time and just, I don’t know, looking for some way to find some fulfillment, some pleasure and I acted on my fantasies and that’s where everything went wrong. † Soon, his alcoholism, too, got out of hand and he became an alcoholic while still finishing high school. Jeffrey Dahmer attempted to attend college at Ohio State University, but his lost of interest in attending classes combined with his heavy consumption of alcohol caused him to drop out after only a quarter of a semester. During this time, his parents, Joyce and Lionel got divorced. Jeffrey’s father made him join the Army after dropping out of Ohio State, but after a couple years, his alcohol problem again caused him to be removed. After being discharged from the Army, Dahmer decided against facing his father so he decided to live in Miami, Florida where the majority of his time was spent in a hospital. In 1981 Jeffrey Dahmer was first arrested for public intoxication. In 1982, Jeffrey went back to Wisconsin to live with his grandmother. Late nights, alcohol binges, and belligerent behavior characterized his time living there. His grandmother was tolerant of his peculiar behavior at first, which included several strange incidences: she had found a male mannequin dressed up in Jeffrey’s closet, a . 357 Magnum under his bed, and she could recall many instances where awful smells would waft from the basement. Dahmer once claimed that the terrible smell was from a squirrel that he had caught, killed, and dissolved with chemicals. (Dahmer’s father was chemist, and this claim was made from Jeffery to his father; it seems as though Jeffery told his father so that he would be proud of him). Jeffrey was arrested again in 1982 and in 1986, both times for indecent exposure. The second offense that he was arrested for in 1986 was for masturbation in front of two young males. It was only two years later that Jeffrey’s so-far-tolerant grandmother told him that he could not live with her anymore due to the many strange happenings. Jeffrey was arrested in the same year, 1988, for sexually fondling and drugging a young teenage boy (age thirteen); for this, he was put on probation for five years and for one year he was assigned to a work release camp where he was registered as a sex offender from the incident with the thirteen year old boy. Due to good behavior and a built up trust with the authorities, Dahmer was paroled from his work release camp two months early. Jeffrey Dahmer began killing at age eighteen, which was during the summer of 1978. Since this was after his parent’s divorce, Dahmer’s mother no longer lived at the same house and his father was away for business duties. Jeffrey had brought a man over to the house offering to drink alcohol with him, and when the man tried to leave, Jeffrey beat him to death with a ten-pound weight to the head. Dahmer did not murder again until nine years later where he killed a man randomly after picking him up; Dahmer said he could not recollect anything about this murder. After the second murder, Jeffrey Dahmer’s killings increased dramatically adding two more to the same year (1989), five the following year (1990), and several after that. On July 22, 1991 Jeffrey Dahmer was arrested for the alleged 17 murders (which would later be reduced to 15). Psychological Functioning: Jeffrey Dahmer is a unique human being who struggled with necrophilia, which is having sexual attraction to corpses. Upon arrest, officers found many severed heads, dismembered body parts, an altar made of skeletons, and several corpses. This makes Dahmer seem like a collector in a way, but I think that his collections go beyond what people might consider a just a fetish. Often, those who are diagnosed with necrophilia behave in this was because they strongly desire to have full possession of and control over someone without the person resisting or refraining from being with them. I think this is a lot of what Jeffrey Dahmer dealt with in his life because he confesses it himself in his interview with Stone Phillips saying, â€Å"The only motive that there ever was- was to completely control a person, a person that I found physically attractive and keep them with me as long as possible, even if that meant just keeping a part of them. † Another reason for necrophilia could be a person’s desire for increased self-esteem; being attracted to a corpse was the only way Jeffrey could avoid rejection. As we know that Jeffrey was teased and picked on when he was young and during his teenage years, I think that his murders and necrophilia are related to these difficult times in his life. I think that once he established that he could have control over his victims, he went on a power trip and began to obsess over the supremacy he felt when he was controlling someone. It is reported that during the times that Dahmer was picked on and mocked in school, he never stood up for himself and never fought back. I think this led to an internalization of his feelings. He most likely built up some hostility to those people who tormented him and took advantage of him. Jeffrey Dahmer also began his attraction to males in his teenage years as he reports going to gay bars and bath clubs. The combination of his withheld anger and aggression towards his tormentors and the frustration that came from being attracted to men could have very well led to his outward aggression and finally to his killing spree. When Jeffrey talks about the things that he would do to victims, especially evident in his first crime, his pattern began to develop and it is in direct correlation to these things: he would seek out men (doing whatever it took to draw their attention), he would get them alone one way or another (either by bring them to the house or drugging them), and after having sex with them or taking advantage of them in whatever way he found pleasurable he would kill them. While he found it enjoyable to partake in sexual encounters while them men ere still alive, Jeffrey Dahmer found himself even more attracted to the corpses of those men and he found it fascinating to dismember them and keep just â€Å"a part of them. † I believe that this is where his necrophilia came from. In Jeffrey’s first murder we can see the power struggle where he desired to have sex with the man who wanted to leave. Through his sexual desires, Dahmer channeled his anger that he was being rejected and he lashed out and beat the man to death in the head with a ten-pound dumbbell. This extreme behavior is what leads me to believe that he showed signs of sadism. A sexual sadist finds pleasure in inflicting physical pain on someone and watching him or her suffer. I also can see that maybe Dahmer was frustrated with his sexual desires toward men and he felt his only way to stop this was to destroy the root of the problem; unfortunately, Jeffrey saw the men he was attracted to as his problem and in his desire to eliminate his problem he began killing the men who made him feel this way. In some ways, I am also convinced that Jeffrey Dahmer was competent and could take full responsibility of the killings because of his strategic behavior. His victims and murders were not random. Dahmer was also able to recognize that he was not completely satisfied in his initial encounters with the male species and when those things were no longer enough for him, he started purchasing sleeping pills in order to first drug his victims so that he could then take advantage of them. If Jeffrey Dahmer was not sane and competent than this organized behavior would not be evident in his tendencies. In the interview with Stone Phillips, Dahmer says, â€Å"After the second time, it seemed like the compulsion to do it was too strong and I didn’t even try to stop it after that; but before the second time, things had been building up gradually: going to bookstores, going to the bars- the gay bars, bath clubs; when that wasn’t enough, buying sleeping pills using it on various guys in the bath clubs. It just escaladed slowly but surely and after the second time which was not planned, it was out of control—it felt like it was out of control. The way that he uses his words here implies that he does take responsibility and that he fully knew what he was doing; as he says, â€Å"it was out of control—it felt like it was out of control,† he recognizes that he had the ability to make a choice and he chose to sexually victimize the men he was attracted to and then kill them. I am convinced that all of the things mentioned above lend themselves to his atypical functioning, but one thing that was not addressed was his parent’s role in all of this. Although they were divorced and parted during a time in Jeffrey’s life where he was having difficulties in other areas, I do not think that this was an issue or trigger to any of his behaviors. In an interview Jeffrey actually defends his parents saying that it makes him mad when people accuse them of playing any role in his decisions because they were not even aware of the type of issues Jeffrey was dealing with. From what Dahmer admits, we know that it was a gradual escalation of compulsive feelings that led to his abnormal behaviors. On November 28, 1994 while in prison, Jeffrey was beaten by an inmate and died from head trauma. Abnormal Psychology Essay As many know Psychology is the study of the human mind, consciousness, and behavior. Psychology is also an enormous field of study and contains many sub divisions that pertain to more specific areas of the human psyche. One of these subdivisions is the study of Abnormal Psychology. Abnormal psychology focuses studies on an atypical region of any particular society, as to find out why these abnormalities occur. These conditions can vary in how abnormal they are from barely noticeable to extremes that require special needs. Examples of these could be a mild case of depression (not as noticeable) to a severe case of Schizophrenia (extremely noticeable). Various examples will be addressed and explained but first, in order to fully understand the process of abnormal psychology one must know the difference between normal and abnormal. (Mcleod) As individuals one decides what one likes or dislikes, but not what â€Å"normal† society is to like or dislike. Defining what normal is can be harder than one may think. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay Researchers have worked for years to clearly define normal with no luck in getting a precise definition to relate human behavior to. Normal psychology is defined by the time, place, and people involved, thus making it difficult because culture changes with evolution and values. In order for one to define abnormal psychology, an individual must first define normal psychology. Understanding that normal psychology is outlining what are acceptable actions helps one understand abnormal psychology is dependent on the situation for a definition. Abnormal psychology is best defined as a deviation from what a group decides is acceptable or unacceptable. Psychologist use synonyms for abnormal, such as unusual or maladaptive, to define characteristic traits on a scale with normal in the middle and barriers on each side of normal to compensate for the recurring abnormal behavior, any behavior past those barriers is considered extremely opposite of the norm and rare. There are few true experiments done on abnormal psychology because it is not ethical to manipulate an experiment to control certain conditions. Determining if something or someone is presenting normal or abnormal behavior depends on the object or the person. There are a few mental disorders and illnesses that better compare and contrast aspects of abnormal psychology to normal psychology; a somewhat common disorder is Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disorder, many wonder about what this illness is. This disorder was once described as manic depressive disorder; symptoms of this disorder include but are not limited to periods of deep depression which may alternate with mania. Mania is described as a unique state of mind in which a person may feel invincible or that anything in the world is possible for them to accomplish (Abell & Ey, July). Individuals who suffer from bipolar disorder can go long periods of time without sleep or have the polar opposite and have extreme amounts of energy. There are approximately 1-2% of adults in the world diagnosed with bipolar disorder; while scientists do not yet know what causes the chemical changes in the brain they do know that this disorder does have a genetic component. Some scientists believe that bipolar disorder is linked with network connectivity in the brain, it has been shown with neuroscience that neurocognitive abnormalities, particularly in executive function tasks which link to the frontal cortex. However studies have shown that there are no major losses of grey matter in the cortex but there are several changes in the white matter (Ferrier, April). Another fairly common disorder amongst abnormal psychology is Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a genetic condition which causes delays in physical and intellectual development. It has been studied and found to occur once in every 691 births. A person who has Down syndrome has an extra chromosome so instead of having 46 they have 47 chromosomes. Down syndrome is usually detected at birth or very shortly after, it is a disorder that can also be detected by genetic testing while the child is in utero. This disorder is confirmed by a chromosome study called a karyotype. A karyotype provides a visual study of the chromosomes grouped by their size, number and shape they are studied by examining blood and tissue cells. Scientists believe the cause of Down syndrome is that there is an error in the cell division this is called nondisjunction. Psychologists and scientists alike do not know why this occurs but it is known that this phenomenon occurs at conception and there is nothing the mother could have done during pregnancy to avoid such from happening (National Association for Down Syndrome, 2012). These two disorders are caused by actual chemical and genetic differences in the brain where as the next two examples are illnesses that are linked to more subtle differences that are much less noticeable at first glance. Schizophrenia is a mental illness that makes it hard to tell what is real and what is not. People with this illness hear voices in their heads and often times think people are plotting to harm them in some way. For this reason, they will seem agitated or will tend to separate themselves from society. About one percent of Americans suffer from this mental illness. People with this illness do not make sense when they talk and can sit for hours without moving. Family’s that have loved ones with this illness are largely affected by this, because people with schizophrenia often times have difficulty maintaining a job and become very dependent on close relatives. Dyslexia is a reading disability that happens when the brain does not process or recognize certain symbols. People that suffer from dyslexia have a brain that takes longer to make connections and does it in more steps. Often times people with dyslexia have trouble matching the letters with the sounds and combination the letters make. When these individuals struggle with this step, it makes the remaining process of steps for the brain even more difficult. A majority of people with dyslexia are really intelligent and can often times retain a lot of information but reading poses a real challenge for them. Dyslexia is actually very common today but is still widely considered a mental illness because of the brains connectivity issues. These four examples show that abnormal psychology not only focuses the rare or uncommon disorders but includes even many of the vast common illnesses of today. Each of the disorders and illnesses listed have several approaches for healing and therapy, this is because of the different views and thought processes from each of the schools of thought give several alternatives. Each school of psychology has a different theory of how the mind works and where mental disorders originate. Thusly, each school has its own way of addressing psychological problems. The most common schools of thought used in therapy are: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, cognitive, humanistic and biological (Mote, 2013). In psychodynamic theory, it is believed that mental disorders originate from tension between your conscious and unconscious mind. This is usually caused by some kind of trauma, physical or emotional, from childhood. Psychoanalysis, a lengthy form of therapy that attempts to bring awareness to the unconscious elements of a person’s mind, is the preferred form of treatment in the psychodynamic school (Mote, 2013). Cognitive-behavioral theory focuses, â€Å"on the person’s life as it is now – the current and conscious thought patterns and behaviors† (Mote, 2013). Basically, this school of thought focuses on what we are going through now and how that is affecting our mental health rather than trying to find a reason from the past. Therapy from this school focuses on how to change behaviors and will usually give â€Å"homework† to do before the next session (Mote, 2013). The theory behind cognitive therapy is that problematic thinking patterns, called cognitive distortions, are the stimulus for psychological disorders (Mote, 2013). These are considered to be automatic thoughts rather than unconscious like in previous schools. Therapy in this school consists of identifying and altering the cognitive distortions in order to bring a resolution to the disorder (Mote, 2013). Humanistic therapy focuses on the individual and their defining qualities, what makes them special and unique. Therapists of this school try to make their clients aware of their emotions, values, and motivations to bring about change to their psyche (Mote, 2013). One of the most important parts of therapy in this school is the relationship between the therapist and their client. The goal is, â€Å"establishing and maintaining a sense of acceptance and respect for the client† (Mote, 2013), this is considered a hallmark of the school and is one of the most valuable techniques a therapist can use. Biological theory believes that mental disorders are caused by the brains pathology, essentially saying that the brain itself is flawed and causing the problems (Mote, 2013). The most common therapy for this is the use of medications, called pharmacotherapy; only a physician can prescribe these medications. Most of the medications focus on neural transmitter points and work to either increase or decrease the amount of activity in these sites (Mote, 2013). Even though each school of psychology approaches mental disorders differently, each method of therapy is affective against psychological issues. Every school may not be best for everyone though; finding a therapy that works for the individuals needs is key. In conclusion abnormal psychology is yet a small branch of the vast tree that is â€Å"psychology†, yet still provides extremely important studies which help ociety define that what is â€Å"normal†. Abnormal Psychology will always be a changing field as is normal psychology; it is defined by what society sees as abnormal and normal. A recent example of this could be homosexuality vs. drunk driving, the two as seen in societies eyes have switched from being accepted and unaccepted in the last 60 years. Whichever way society progresses will help better define what truly abnormal behavior is, and with the several schools of thought at its disposal hopefully society can continue helping those in need. Abnormal Psychology Essay The authors of this study were Sarra Hayes, Colette Hirsche, and Andrew Mathews. It was published in the August 2008 issue of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. These researchers administered a questionnaire to measure the degree one worries to several students at staff at King’s College London in the United Kingdom. Among these participants, 32 people were selected for the study. This group was divided between those who worried often (high worriers) and those who rarely fretted (low worriers). The groups were then given a key pressing task in which they had to hit any key as soon as they heard a beep. These participants were also asked to fill out a thought rating scale to find out what kinds of positive thoughts they were having during the task. Finally, the groups were also given a filler task to reduce any carryover effect a previous trial of the key pressing task may have had. The researchers concluded that those who worried the most were more distracted from even the simplest task of hitting a random key when one hears a beep. Positive thoughts, however, did not seem to be as distracting. In the end, the researchers found that working memory is negatively affected by worrying. See more:  Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay This study struggled with a major weakness of an exceptionally small sample size, but it remains valuable because it surveyed a nonclinical sample. The participants represented a sample of people who worried, but did not demonstrate levels of anxiety that disturbed their everyday functioning. While I do not believe any of the participants in this study were harmed or endangered, I would not have wanted to participate in this research. I do not enjoy tedious tasks and I am quick to identify the role of filler activities in a study. The key pressing task seems relatively boring and I prefer research that has a more direct and positive impact in the lives of others. Since I think that the findings do contribute to our understanding of how humans are able to balance worrying with their other cognitive tasks, I do see the value in this study. I would be interested to hear how the researchers might propose preventing worrying or helping those chronic worriers utilize their memories more effectively. Works Cited Hayes, Sarra, Hirsch, Colette, and Mathews, Andrew. â€Å"Restriction of Working Memory Capacity During Worry. † Journal of Abnormal Psychology August 2008: 712-717.